ID   STR1_STRTC              Reviewed;         207 AA.
AC   A0A384XG60;
DT   22-APR-2020, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   05-DEC-2018, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 8.
DE   RecName: Full=Strobilurin A biosynthesis cluster protein r1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30258052};
GN   Name=str1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:30258052};
OS   Strobilurus tenacellus.
OC   Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes;
OC   Agaricomycetidae; Agaricales; Physalacriaceae; Strobilurus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=41251;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], INDUCTION, FUNCTION, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RC   STRAIN=CBS 621.79;
RX   PubMed=30258052; DOI=10.1038/s41467-018-06202-4;
RA   Nofiani R., de Mattos-Shipley K., Lebe K.E., Han L.C., Iqbal Z.,
RA   Bailey A.M., Willis C.L., Simpson T.J., Cox R.J.;
RT   "Strobilurin biosynthesis in Basidiomycete fungi.";
RL   Nat. Commun. 9:3940-3940(2018).
RN   [2]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=563391; DOI=10.7164/antibiotics.30.806;
RA   Anke T., Oberwinkler F., Steglich W., Schramm G.;
RT   "The strobilurins--new antifungal antibiotics from the basidiomycete
RT   Strobilurus tenacellus.";
RL   J. Antibiot. 30:806-810(1977).
RN   [3]
RP   BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=6271595; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(81)81190-8;
RA   Becker W.F., von Jagow G., Anke T., Steglich W.;
RT   "Oudemansin, strobilurin A, strobilurin B and myxothiazol: new inhibitors
RT   of the bc1 segment of the respiratory chain with an E-beta-methoxyacrylate
RT   system as common structural element.";
RL   FEBS Lett. 132:329-333(1981).
RN   [4]
RP   REVIEW ON BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=29711574;
RX   DOI=10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19990517)38:10<1328::aid-anie1328>3.0.co;2-1;
RA   Sauter H., Steglich W., Anke T.;
RT   "Strobilurins: evolution of a new class of active substances.";
RL   Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38:1328-1349(1999).
RN   [5]
RP   REVIEW ON BIOTECHNOLOGY.
RX   PubMed=12146165; DOI=10.1002/ps.520;
RA   Bartlett D.W., Clough J.M., Godwin J.R., Hall A.A., Hamer M.,
RA   Parr-Dobrzanski B.;
RT   "The strobilurin fungicides.";
RL   Pest Manag. Sci. 58:649-662(2002).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of
CC       strobilurin A, an antifungal polyketide that contains a key beta-
CC       methoxyacrylate toxophore that targets the complex III of the
CC       mitochondrial electron transport chain (PubMed:30258052). Strobilurin
CC       biosynthesis begins with construction of benzoyl CoA by step-wise
CC       elimination of ammonia from phenylalanine by the phenylalanine ammonia-
CC       lyase str11, oxygenation by str8 and retro-Claisen reaction to form
CC       benzoic acid, which is activated to its CoA thiolester benzoyl CoA by
CC       the dedicated CoA ligase str10 (PubMed:30258052). Benzoyl CoA forms the
CC       starter unit for the highly reducing polyketide synthase stpks1 that
CC       produces the polyketide prestrobilutin A (PubMed:30258052). The FAD-
CC       dependent oxygenase str9 then catalyzes the key oxidative rearrangement
CC       responsible for the creation of the beta-methoxyacrylate toxophore
CC       (PubMed:30258052). Str9 performs epoxidation of the 2,3 olefin of
CC       prestrobilutin A, followed by Meinwald rearrangement to furnish the
CC       aldehyde intermediate (Probable). Rapid enolization of the aldehyde
CC       intermediate would give the beta-methoxyacrylate skeleton and
CC       methylations catalyzed by str2 and str3 complete the synthesis and lead
CC       to the peroduction of strobilurin A (Probable). The short-chain
CC       dehydrogenase stl2 and the dehydrogenase str4 play a role in the shunt
CC       pathway leading to the production of bolineol (PubMed:30258052). The
CC       cluster encodes no obvious halogenase gene that could be involved in
CC       production of strobilurin B, nor any obvious dimethylallyl-transferase
CC       that could be involved in the production of strobilurin G (Probable).
CC       It is possible that unknown proteins encoded in, or near, the cluster
CC       (such as str1 or stl1) may form new classes of halogenases or
CC       dimethylally-transferases, or that the responsible genes are located
CC       elsewhere on the genome (Probable). Similarly, proteins encoded by
CC       str5/str6 hydrolases appear to have no chemical role in the
CC       biosynthesis of strobilurin A (Probable). Finally, no obvious self-
CC       resistance gene is found within the cluster (Probable).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30258052, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30258052}.
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Mycotoxin biosynthesis. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:30258052}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane {ECO:0000255}; Multi-pass membrane
CC       protein {ECO:0000255}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Induced in strobilurin-producing conditions (on CGC medium
CC       after 6 days of growth). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30258052}.
CC   -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: The structure of strobilurin A was used for the
CC       development of the major class of beta-methoxyacrylate agricultural
CC       fungicides since its beta-methoxyacrylate toxophore targets the Qo site
CC       of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and
CC       prevents adenosine triphosphate synthesis (PubMed:563391,
CC       PubMed:6271595). Compounds such as azoxystrobin (Syngenta) and Kresoxim
CC       methyl (BASF) are among the most widely used fungicides worldwide
CC       (PubMed:29711574, PubMed:12146165). This class of antifungals are used
CC       as effective treatments against a broad range of destructive fungal
CC       plant pathogens and make significant contributions to food security
CC       (PubMed:29711574, PubMed:12146165). The strobilurin fungicides are
CC       estimated to have been worth 3.4 billion dollars in 2015 and they make
CC       up 25% of the fungicide market and 6.7% of the total crop protection
CC       market (PubMed:30258052). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:563391,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:6271595, ECO:0000303|PubMed:12146165,
CC       ECO:0000303|PubMed:29711574, ECO:0000303|PubMed:30258052}.
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DR   EMBL; KY070339; ATV82111.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A0A384XG60; -.
DR   GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   Gene3D; 3.20.180.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR019595; DUF2470.
DR   InterPro; IPR037119; Haem_oxidase_HugZ-like_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR028110; TMEM254.
DR   Pfam; PF10615; DUF2470; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF14934; DUF4499; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Membrane; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT   CHAIN           1..207
FT                   /note="Strobilurin A biosynthesis cluster protein r1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000449329"
FT   TRANSMEM        108..128
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   TRANSMEM        169..189
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
SQ   SEQUENCE   207 AA;  22462 MW;  F4AACDDA33548049 CRC64;
     MAQVVADPIV DKSAILKSEL SKQPETLIAY AKWYGKVAGP ITGVDLSAID AKSLTLICTL
     SDGSKQQVRI ELSPPLARYE DAKPRLLEMK TRALEGLGLT KTPVITNFIF PSLALKTTIW
     SVAGLLYLTF VPNPYLTGAN IPRAWAAVGL IHGPQAIYTA TLARKHVGNL TTGVSYVLGT
     LVFGFPFWID LRQRITAARV ESVAKIQ