PER_DROSI
ID PER_DROSI Reviewed; 656 AA.
AC Q03355; Q24626; Q24627; Q24628; Q26282; Q26284;
DT 01-OCT-1993, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 15-JUL-1999, sequence version 2.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 108.
DE RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
DE Flags: Fragments;
GN Name=per;
OS Drosophila simulans (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7240;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-559.
RC STRAIN=SI-CA1, SI-CA2, SI-K1, SI-K2, SI-LI1, and SI-LI2;
RX PubMed=8436278; DOI=10.1093/genetics/133.2.375;
RA Kliman R.M., Hey J.;
RT "DNA sequence variation at the period locus within and among species of the
RT Drosophila melanogaster complex.";
RL Genetics 133:375-387(1993).
RN [2]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 560-656, AND POLYMORPHISM OF GLY-THR
RP REPEATS.
RC STRAIN=Merano 4, Merano 7, and Merano 8;
RX PubMed=7851767; DOI=10.1093/genetics/138.3.693;
RA Rosato E., Peixoto A.A., Barbujani G., Costa R., Kyriacou C.P.;
RT "Molecular polymorphism in the period gene of Drosophila simulans.";
RL Genetics 138:693-707(1994).
RN [3]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 589-652.
RC STRAIN=Australia, and Kenscoff;
RX PubMed=1487825; DOI=10.1007/bf00171819;
RA Peixoto A.A., Costa R., Wheeler D.A., Hall J.C., Kyriacou C.P.;
RT "Evolution of the threonine-glycine repeat region of the period gene in the
RT melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila.";
RL J. Mol. Evol. 35:411-419(1992).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: Contains a remarkable run of alternating Gly-Thr residues which
CC is polymorphic in length. At least four types of Gly-Thr length exist
CC in the natural population, (Gly-Thr)23 (shown here), (Gly-Thr)24, (Gly-
CC Thr)25, and one minor variant (Gly-Thr)21. This Gly-Thr stretch is
CC implicated in the maintenance of circadian period at different
CC temperatures. Deletion of the repeat leads to a shortening of the
CC courtship song cycle period, and thus could be important for
CC determining features of species-specific mating behavior (By
CC similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The sequence shown here from 1-559 is that of strains
CC SI-CA1, SI-CA2 and SI-K2. From 560-656 it is from strains Merano 4 and
CC Australia.
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DR EMBL; L07826; AAA28768.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L07828; AAA28766.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L07829; AAA28755.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L07830; AAA28756.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L07831; AAA28757.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; L07832; AAA28779.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U11800; AAA77674.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U11801; AAA77675.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U11802; AAA77676.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; S53293; AAB25025.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; S53295; AAB25027.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR PIR; S52950; S52950.
DR PIR; S52953; S52953.
DR PIR; S52954; S52954.
DR PIR; S52955; S52955.
DR PIR; S52956; S52956.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q03355; -.
DR SMR; Q03355; -.
DR GO; GO:0044297; C:cell body; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0046982; F:protein heterodimerization activity; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0001306; P:age-dependent response to oxidative stress; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0032922; P:circadian regulation of gene expression; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0060086; P:circadian temperature homeostasis; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0007620; P:copulation; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0008340; P:determination of adult lifespan; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0008062; P:eclosion rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0043153; P:entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0045475; P:locomotor rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0007616; P:long-term memory; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0000122; P:negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:2000678; P:negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0045187; P:regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:1904059; P:regulation of locomotor rhythm; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR GO; GO:0001932; P:regulation of protein phosphorylation; IEA:EnsemblMetazoa.
DR CDD; cd00130; PAS; 2.
DR InterPro; IPR000014; PAS.
DR InterPro; IPR035965; PAS-like_dom_sf.
DR InterPro; IPR013767; PAS_fold.
DR Pfam; PF00989; PAS; 1.
DR SMART; SM00091; PAS; 2.
DR SUPFAM; SSF55785; SSF55785; 2.
DR PROSITE; PS50112; PAS; 2.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT CHAIN <1..>656
FT /note="Period circadian protein"
FT /id="PRO_0000162609"
FT DOMAIN 224..359
FT /note="PAS 1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT DOMAIN 377..483
FT /note="PAS 2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00140"
FT REPEAT 584..585
FT /note="1"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 587..588
FT /note="2"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 589..590
FT /note="3"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 591..592
FT /note="4"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 593..594
FT /note="5"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 595..596
FT /note="6"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 597..598
FT /note="7"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 599..600
FT /note="8"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 601..602
FT /note="9"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 603..604
FT /note="10"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 605..606
FT /note="11"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 607..608
FT /note="12"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 609..610
FT /note="13"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 611..612
FT /note="14"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 613..614
FT /note="15"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 615..616
FT /note="16"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 617..618
FT /note="17"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 619..620
FT /note="18"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 621..622
FT /note="19"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 623..624
FT /note="20"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 625..626
FT /note="21"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 627..628
FT /note="22"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 629..630
FT /note="23"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 631..632
FT /note="24"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 633..634
FT /note="25"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 635..636
FT /note="26"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 637..638
FT /note="27; approximate"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 639..640
FT /note="28"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 641..642
FT /note="29"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REPEAT 643..644
FT /note="30"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:7851767"
FT REGION 1..161
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 580..656
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 584..644
FT /note="30 X 2 AA approximate tandem repeats of G-[TN]"
FT MOTIF 53..66
FT /note="Nuclear localization signal"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT COMPBIAS 1..50
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 69..84
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT COMPBIAS 109..125
FT /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT VARIANT 57
FT /note="D -> H (in strain: SI-LI2)"
FT VARIANT 68
FT /note="T -> A (in strain: SI-K1, SI-K2, SI-LI1 and SI-LI2)"
FT VARIANT 77
FT /note="T -> A (in strain: SI-K1)"
FT VARIANT 165
FT /note="T -> S (in strain: SI-LI1 and SI-LI2)"
FT VARIANT 230
FT /note="I -> M (in strain: SI-LI1)"
FT VARIANT 311
FT /note="G -> A (in strain: SI-K2)"
FT VARIANT 634
FT /note="N -> T (in strain: Merano 7, Merano 8 and Kenscoff)"
FT VARIANT 636..638
FT /note="TNS -> N (in strain: Merano 8)"
FT VARIANT 637..638
FT /note="NS -> GN (in strain: Merano 7 and Kenscoff)"
FT VARIANT 641..642
FT /note="GT -> NS (in strain: Merano 7, Merano 8 and
FT Kenscoff)"
FT VARIANT 646
FT /note="S -> T (in strain: Merano 8 and Kenscoff)"
FT VARIANT 653
FT /note="T -> A (in strain: Merano 7 and Merano 8)"
FT VARIANT 655
FT /note="I -> V (in strain: Merano 7 and Merano 8)"
FT NON_CONS 559..560
FT /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 656
SQ SEQUENCE 656 AA; 69118 MW; 1A5E059006AF9A4A CRC64;
KVSDSAYSNS CSNSQSQRSG SSKSRLSGSH SSGSSGYGGK PSTQASSSDM IIKRNKDKSR
KKKKNKGTGQ GAGQAQTLIS ASTSLEGRDE EKPRPSGTGC VEQQICRELQ DQQHGEDHSE
PQATEQLQQE EEDQSGSESE ADRVEGVAKS EAAQSFPIPS PLSVTIVPPS MGGCGGVGHA
AGLDSGLAKF DKTWEAGPGK LESMTGVGAA AAGTGQRGER VKEDSFCCVI SMHDGIVLYT
TPSITDVLGY PRDMWLGRSF IDFVHLKDRA TFASQITTGI PIAESRGSVP KDAKSTFCVM
LRRYRGLKSG GFGVIGRPVS YEPFRLGLTF REAPEEARPD NYMVSNGTNM LLVICATPIK
SSYKVPDEIL SQKSPKFAIR HTATGIISHV DSAAVSALGY LPQDLIGRSI MDFYHHEDLS
VMKETYETVM KKGQTAGASF CSKPYRFLIQ NGCYVLLETE WTSFVNPWSR KLEFVVGHHR
VFQGPKQCNV FEAAPTCKLK ISEEAQSRNT RIKEDIVKRL AETVSRPSDT VKQEVSRRCQ
ALASFMETLM DEVSRADLKS GSSGNFTTAS NIHMSSVTNT SIAGTGGTGT GTGTGTGTGT
GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTGTGT GTGTGTGTGT GTGNGTNSGT GTGTTSSSRG GSTAIP
