PER_DROSA
ID PER_DROSA Reviewed; 66 AA.
AC Q04536;
DT 01-OCT-1993, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 01-OCT-1993, sequence version 1.
DT 25-MAY-2022, entry version 51.
DE RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
DE Flags: Fragment;
GN Name=per;
OS Drosophila saltans (Fruit fly).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7273;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX PubMed=8450754; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a039993;
RA Peixoto A.A., Campesan S., Costa R.H., Kyriacou C.P.;
RT "Molecular evolution of a repetitive region within the per gene of
RT Drosophila.";
RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:127-139(1993).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- DOMAIN: The run of Gly-Thr is implicated in the maintenance of
CC circadian period at different temperatures. Deletion of the repeat
CC leads to a shortening of the courtship song cycle period, and thus
CC could be important for determining features of species-specific mating
CC behavior (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
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DR EMBL; L06336; AAA28759.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR AlphaFoldDB; Q04536; -.
DR FlyBase; FBgn0012776; Dsal\per.
DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE 3: Inferred from homology;
KW Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT CHAIN <1..>66
FT /note="Period circadian protein"
FT /id="PRO_0000162606"
FT REPEAT 30..31
FT /note="1"
FT REPEAT 32..33
FT /note="2"
FT REPEAT 35..36
FT /note="3"
FT REPEAT 37..38
FT /note="4"
FT REGION 1..66
FT /note="Disordered"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT REGION 30..53
FT /note="4 X 2 AA tandem repeats of G-[TN]"
FT COMPBIAS 1..45
FT /note="Polar residues"
FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT NON_TER 1
FT NON_TER 66
SQ SEQUENCE 66 AA; 5929 MW; A9CAED665177001A CRC64;
EGSGGSGSSG NFTTGSNIHM SSVTNTSNAG TGTSGTGNSG GGSGGGTGPG SGAIPPVTLT
ESLLNK
