ID   PER_DROIN               Reviewed;         391 AA.
AC   P91613; P91612;
DT   15-JUL-1999, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-MAY-1997, sequence version 1.
DT   25-MAY-2022, entry version 53.
DE   RecName: Full=Period circadian protein;
DE   Flags: Fragment;
GN   Name=per;
OS   Drosophila insularis (Fruit fly).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea;
OC   Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=46792;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=FA, and WE2;
RX   PubMed=9214747; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025814;
RA   Gleason J.M., Powell J.R.;
RT   "Interspecific and intraspecific comparisons of the period locus in the
RT   Drosophila willistoni sibling species.";
RL   Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:741-753(1997).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the
CC       period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER
CC       dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to
CC       lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity
CC       of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic
CC       component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic
CC       nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation
CC       and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the
CC       degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity
CC       of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription
CC       through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in
CC       circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting
CC       indirect transcriptional inhibition (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with timeless (TIM); the complex then
CC       translocates into the nucleus. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, perinuclear
CC       region {ECO:0000250}. Note=Nuclear at specific periods of the day.
CC       First accumulates in the perinuclear region about one hour before
CC       translocation into the nucleus. Interaction with Tim is required for
CC       nuclear localization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylated with a circadian rhythmicity, probably by the
CC       double-time protein (dbt). Phosphorylation could be implicated in the
CC       stability of per monomer and in the formation of heterodimer per-tim
CC       (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
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DR   EMBL; U51088; AAB41384.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; U51089; AAB41385.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P91613; -.
DR   FlyBase; FBgn0018970; Dins\per.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0048511; P:rhythmic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
PE   3: Inferred from homology;
KW   Biological rhythms; Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Repeat.
FT   CHAIN           <1..>391
FT                   /note="Period circadian protein"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000162594"
FT   REGION          27..121
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          163..188
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          241..270
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          328..357
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        46..101
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        244..270
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   VARIANT         243
FT                   /note="S -> G (in strain: FA)"
FT   NON_TER         1
FT   NON_TER         391
SQ   SEQUENCE   391 AA;  39760 MW;  BF7BD756A722D200 CRC64;
     SSTETPPSYN QLNYNENLLR FFNSKPVTAP VELDPPKVES SYVSSARGED ARSTLSPVQG
     FEGSGGSGSS GNFTTGSNLH MSSVTNTSNA GTGTSGTGNS GDGGGGGGAD GPGSGAAPPV
     TLTESLLNKH NDEMEKFMLK KHRESRGRSG EKNKKSANDA MKMLEYSGPG PGHGHGIKRG
     GSHSWEGEAN KPKQQLTLNT GGGGGGMPPF LDIQHTSSST QNKGLAGVGV GGAGGGVVGV
     GSSAGGNGSG TGNNNGNGNN NQPTTNQFTQ SGLSCTQNIN LWPPFSVGIT TPTSVLSSHT
     AVAQSSFSPQ HSLFPTFYYI PASIAASSPS GTSPNPNRPH KHAHVHSSSE KPSTSQAAAA
     TMPLQYMTGV MYPHPSLFYT HPAAAAATAM V