AKL2B_DANRE
ID AKL2B_DANRE Reviewed; 195 AA.
AC E7FAP8;
DT 25-MAY-2022, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT 08-MAR-2011, sequence version 1.
DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 60.
DE RecName: Full=ALK and LTK ligand 2b {ECO:0000303|PubMed:29317532};
DE AltName: Full=Augmentor alpha-2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:29078341};
DE Short=AUG-alpha-2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:29078341};
DE Flags: Precursor;
GN Name=alkal2b {ECO:0000303|PubMed:29317532,
GN ECO:0000312|ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-111115-2};
OS Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (Brachydanio rerio).
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes;
OC Danionidae; Danioninae; Danio.
OX NCBI_TaxID=7955;
RN [1]
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC STRAIN=Tuebingen;
RX PubMed=23594743; DOI=10.1038/nature12111;
RA Howe K., Clark M.D., Torroja C.F., Torrance J., Berthelot C., Muffato M.,
RA Collins J.E., Humphray S., McLaren K., Matthews L., McLaren S., Sealy I.,
RA Caccamo M., Churcher C., Scott C., Barrett J.C., Koch R., Rauch G.J.,
RA White S., Chow W., Kilian B., Quintais L.T., Guerra-Assuncao J.A., Zhou Y.,
RA Gu Y., Yen J., Vogel J.H., Eyre T., Redmond S., Banerjee R., Chi J., Fu B.,
RA Langley E., Maguire S.F., Laird G.K., Lloyd D., Kenyon E., Donaldson S.,
RA Sehra H., Almeida-King J., Loveland J., Trevanion S., Jones M., Quail M.,
RA Willey D., Hunt A., Burton J., Sims S., McLay K., Plumb B., Davis J.,
RA Clee C., Oliver K., Clark R., Riddle C., Elliot D., Threadgold G.,
RA Harden G., Ware D., Begum S., Mortimore B., Kerry G., Heath P.,
RA Phillimore B., Tracey A., Corby N., Dunn M., Johnson C., Wood J., Clark S.,
RA Pelan S., Griffiths G., Smith M., Glithero R., Howden P., Barker N.,
RA Lloyd C., Stevens C., Harley J., Holt K., Panagiotidis G., Lovell J.,
RA Beasley H., Henderson C., Gordon D., Auger K., Wright D., Collins J.,
RA Raisen C., Dyer L., Leung K., Robertson L., Ambridge K., Leongamornlert D.,
RA McGuire S., Gilderthorp R., Griffiths C., Manthravadi D., Nichol S.,
RA Barker G., Whitehead S., Kay M., Brown J., Murnane C., Gray E.,
RA Humphries M., Sycamore N., Barker D., Saunders D., Wallis J., Babbage A.,
RA Hammond S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Barr L., Martin S., Wray P.,
RA Ellington A., Matthews N., Ellwood M., Woodmansey R., Clark G., Cooper J.,
RA Tromans A., Grafham D., Skuce C., Pandian R., Andrews R., Harrison E.,
RA Kimberley A., Garnett J., Fosker N., Hall R., Garner P., Kelly D., Bird C.,
RA Palmer S., Gehring I., Berger A., Dooley C.M., Ersan-Urun Z., Eser C.,
RA Geiger H., Geisler M., Karotki L., Kirn A., Konantz J., Konantz M.,
RA Oberlander M., Rudolph-Geiger S., Teucke M., Lanz C., Raddatz G.,
RA Osoegawa K., Zhu B., Rapp A., Widaa S., Langford C., Yang F.,
RA Schuster S.C., Carter N.P., Harrow J., Ning Z., Herrero J., Searle S.M.,
RA Enright A., Geisler R., Plasterk R.H., Lee C., Westerfield M.,
RA de Jong P.J., Zon L.I., Postlethwait J.H., Nusslein-Volhard C.,
RA Hubbard T.J., Roest Crollius H., Rogers J., Stemple D.L.;
RT "The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human
RT genome.";
RL Nature 496:498-503(2013).
RN [2]
RP FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=29078341; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1710254114;
RA Mo E.S., Cheng Q., Reshetnyak A.V., Schlessinger J., Nicoli S.;
RT "Alk and Ltk ligands are essential for iridophore development in zebrafish
RT mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinase Ltk.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114:12027-12032(2017).
RN [3]
RP FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX PubMed=29317532; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1719137115;
RA Fadeev A., Mendoza-Garcia P., Irion U., Guan J., Pfeifer K., Wiessner S.,
RA Serluca F., Singh A.P., Nuesslein-Volhard C., Palmer R.H.;
RT "ALKALs are in vivo ligands for ALK family receptor tyrosine kinases in the
RT neural crest and derived cells.";
RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115:E630-E638(2018).
CC -!- FUNCTION: Cytokine that acts as a physiological ligand for receptor
CC tyrosine kinases LTK and ALK (PubMed:29078341, PubMed:29317532).
CC Required for neural crest cell differentiation and iridophore
CC development during embryonic iridophore development and adult stripe
CC development by acting as a receptor for LTK (PubMed:29078341,
CC PubMed:29317532). Also required for iridophore formation in the adult
CC eye (PubMed:29078341). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29078341,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29317532}.
CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6UX46}.
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000255}. Cell membrane
CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6UX46}.
CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in the swim bladder and single
CC cells of unknown identity in the head. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29317532}.
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Reduced number of iridophores in the eye
CC (PubMed:29078341). Fishes lacking alkal2b do not exhibit any defects in
CC trunk iridophores in adults (PubMed:29317532). Fishes lacking both
CC alkal1 and alkal2b show a complete loss of eye iridophores
CC (PubMed:29317532). Fishes lacking alkal1, alkal2a and alkal2b are
CC embryonic lethal and display total loss of iridophores
CC (PubMed:29317532). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29078341,
CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29317532}.
CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ALKAL family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR EMBL; BX072551; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR RefSeq; XP_002665250.2; XM_002665204.4.
DR AlphaFoldDB; E7FAP8; -.
DR STRING; 7955.ENSDARP00000129102; -.
DR PaxDb; E7FAP8; -.
DR Ensembl; ENSDART00000156509; ENSDARP00000129102; ENSDARG00000042815.
DR GeneID; 100329254; -.
DR KEGG; dre:100329254; -.
DR CTD; 100329254; -.
DR ZFIN; ZDB-GENE-111115-2; alkal2b.
DR eggNOG; ENOG502S2JY; Eukaryota.
DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000162505; -.
DR HOGENOM; CLU_120534_0_0_1; -.
DR InParanoid; E7FAP8; -.
DR OMA; DEVHVRY; -.
DR OrthoDB; 1432187at2759; -.
DR PhylomeDB; E7FAP8; -.
DR TreeFam; TF333390; -.
DR Proteomes; UP000000437; Genome assembly.
DR Proteomes; UP000814640; Chromosome 17.
DR Bgee; ENSDARG00000042815; Expressed in swim bladder and 7 other tissues.
DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR GO; GO:0005125; F:cytokine activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030298; F:receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activator activity; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR GO; GO:0030971; F:receptor tyrosine kinase binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0050935; P:iridophore differentiation; IMP:ZFIN.
DR GO; GO:0070374; P:positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; IBA:GO_Central.
DR GO; GO:0070378; P:positive regulation of ERK5 cascade; IBA:GO_Central.
DR InterPro; IPR029364; FAM150A/B.
DR PANTHER; PTHR28676; PTHR28676; 1.
DR Pfam; PF15129; FAM150; 1.
PE 2: Evidence at transcript level;
KW Cell membrane; Cytokine; Disulfide bond; Membrane; Reference proteome;
KW Secreted; Signal.
FT SIGNAL 1..?
FT /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT CHAIN ?..195
FT /note="ALK and LTK ligand 2b"
FT /id="PRO_0000455466"
FT DISULFID 156..192
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6UX46"
FT DISULFID 170..179
FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6UX46"
SQ SEQUENCE 195 AA; 22508 MW; B0E2D69026A1F554 CRC64;
MCFALSLSIY KHTGTPPNKC RLNSALKRNR ATVRLDIGQR GSLCPPFSMS AVRPPVFIGL
LLLILTTGYC KPRDRDETSL LELLMDRVRQ TQEHHSEGNT QHPPQIIEHS LETKDVNKVT
KSYQHERILE VFPRDLRQKD KFLKHLTGPL YFSPKCSKLF YKLYNNTRDC TIPAYYKRCA
RLLTRLAGSQ RCTEG
